船舶与海洋工程英语阅读Lesson Sixteen

懒猴航海

船舶与海洋工程英语阅读Lesson Sixteen

Launching and Outfitting

Launching

# D1 i1 E' l% C, M: ]; P' Y
Apart from certain small craft built on inland waterways, which are launched sideways, the great majority of ships are launched stern first from the building berth. Standing structures called ways, constructed of concrete and wooden blocks, spaced about one-third of the vessel’s beam apart, support the ship under construction. The slope of the standing ways-which are often cambered (slightly curved upward toward the middle or slightly curved downward toward the ends) in the fore and aft direction-ranges from one-half to three-quarters of an inch per foot of length (from 42 to 62 millimeters per meter of length); ways extend from a position near he water. Over these standing ways is built he launching cradle, which consists of sliding ways on which are built poppets, or support for the hull. Between standing ways and launching ways is a layer of lubricant.
2 s8 I4 T7 n. R+ l4 i  D$ FDuring construction the ship is supported by at least one line of blocks under the keel, with side supports and shores as necessary. As the vessel nears completion, the standing ways are built under it, the sliding ways are superimposed, and the cradle is built up.
5 _1 [. X6 Z/ a" V' hThe weight of the vessel is transferred to the standing ways. The full weight must not be supported by the ways for too long because the thickness of lubricant would be reduced by squeezing and its properties would be adversely affected. It is common to fit launching triggers which when released at the moment of launching, permit the sliding ways to move over the standing ways.
As a vessel moves down the ways, the forces operating are: its weight acting down through the centre of gravity, the upward support from the standing ways, and the buoyancy of the water. As it travels further, the buoyancy increases and the upthrust of the ways decreases, with the weight remaining constant. As the centre f gravity passes the after end of the standing ways, the moment of the weight about the end of the ways trends to tip the ship stern first. At this position and for some time later, it is essential that the moment of buoyancy be greater than the moment of weight about the after end of the ways, thus giving a moment to keep the forward end of the sliding ways on the standing ways; otherwise there would be concentration of weight at the end of the ways, causing excessive local pressure. Calculations are made to determine the most important factors in lifts, the difference between weight and buoyancy when the stern lifts, the existence of the ways to ensure that the cradle will not drop off the end of the standing ways.
& G: ~6 p3 _# ?6 BThe launching of a vessel into a restricted waterway requires the application of a retarding force. Usually piles of chains are laid alongside the sides of ship act as drags, and these are secured to chain plates by wire cables, fixed temporarily to the hull. As the vessel slides down the launching ways; the drags come serially into operation after, or sometimes before, the bow has cleared the after end of the ways. Launching can be a hazardous operation. If the lubricant is ineffective, the vessel will not move. If the stern does not lift as the vessel slides down the ways, the ship may tip about the way ends. The bow may sustain damage when it drops into the water at the end of the ways and may damage the slipway when the stern lifts. Excessive loads on the poppets may cause their collapse.
outfitting
After launching, the ship is berthed in a fitting-out basin for completion. The main machinery, together with auxiliaries, piping systems, deck gear, lifeboats, accommodation equipment, pumbing systems, and rigging are installed on board, along with whatever insulation and deck coverings are necessary. Fitting out may be a relatively minor undertaking, as with a tanker or a bulk carrier, but in the case of a passenger vessel, the work will be extensive. Although fitting-out operations are diverse and complex, as with hull construction here are four main divisions: (1)collection and grounding of the specified components, (2)installation of components according to schedule, (3) connection of components to appropriate piping and/or wiring systems, and (4) testing of completed systems.
In the early 1970s, the tendency in planning was to divide the ship into sections, listing the quantities of components required and times of delivery. Drawings necessary for each section are prepared and these specify the quantities of components required. A master schedule is complied, specifying the sequences and target dates for completion and testing of each component system. This schedule is used to marshal and synchronize fitting work in the different sections and compartments.

（From “Encyclopedia Britannica”, Vol. 16, 1980）

Technical Terms

/ o$ G* p' B$ j' x8 F1.
5 H8 M2 g$ h& `7 j1 k8 }, w0 Vcraft 小船，收音机，手工艺
2.
inland waterway 内河航道
0 z! f9 l$ {" f, D8 o. @+ p/ a3.
4 e# H% }6 H: N, Hsideway 横向的
) O" Q6 K; O! ?9 I' }4.
majority 大多数
5 E. }1 ~/ O3 b. I5.
8 A9 G- m( J3 R) p/ lstanding structure 固定结构
' S2 [, ]) ?8 ^; R2 u: [7 m1 u1 k6.
9 v7 n9 \! D1 _, r' y5 tconcrete 混凝土
7.
* Q) K% G" r8 K+ Z- X6 P( Y+ [wooden block 木墩
8.
- M; _$ u/ L4 L5 Jstanding way 滑道
! m# @7 i7 H4 G0 I9 d9.
! n4 j$ z* L8 t6 Ncamber 拱形
& _' G6 a: h4 M4 u2 E& [( x' e3 `1 R10.
! p' s5 R6 x% slaunching cradle 下水架，发射架
2 G6 s- m5 ]0 a7 q11.
poppet 下水支架
5 z+ Z2 E& C) l( n12.
a layer of lubricant 润滑屋
4 a( `) J) n3 Y13.
block 墩木，块，阻塞
5 w  I# f. w$ u% d) `3 Y14.
side support 边墩
15.
/ A7 C8 b, j/ fshore 撑柱，岸
9 @( \' E9 b0 X' @5 B16.
/ C, E. w# r! Y! q) g: i- k/ _squeezing 挤压
17.
trigger 下水扳机
18.
1 n# F- L# u; F0 Zupthrust 向上反力
19.
) j3 V) K: O! etip tiping仰倾
$ B! |' `7 j$ `3 ~20.
9 j( D' @2 M9 m) x9 Y% ~  vretarding force 减速力
21.
piles of chains 几堆锚链
9 T3 E# f8 m0 V/ W22.
drags 阻力锚
" s" ]6 m7 K! p! e7 @7 n9 t+ B23.
hazardous operation 危险作业
# Z7 c- @% f5 e/ Y( ~' n24.
# F5 ]5 t4 Z% K' H. Z( E5 Xcollapse 毁坏
( z1 i$ f! E) E! H! ~! l$ O, f25.
deck gear 舱面用具，甲板机械
26.
lifeboat 救生艇
27.
plumbing system 污水系统
28.
rigging 索具
29.
7 I6 z9 P, V0 x3 oinsulation 绝缘
30.
deck covering 甲板敷料
8 o' g1 _5 F) k31.
$ C0 D, j+ N  j. L7 K. Z/ Gtarget dates 预定日期
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marshal 调度
33.
synchronize 协调
34.
fitting work 安装工作
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Additional Terms and Expressions

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1.
gravity launching 重力式下水
2.
floating launching 漂浮式下水
3.
mechanized launching 机械化下水
4.
end launching 纵向下水
5.
side launching 横向下水
6.
fore poppet 首支架
6 ]* e, T) `% ^7 I7.
after poppet 尾支架
8.
3 b+ j6 _; }7 |" A8 Y2 p! G! @% Q( Nlaunching beam 下水横梁
8 @1 a* ~9 o6 a8 p. y  i7 z9.
sliding way 滑板
10.
greased slipways 涂油滑道
  l, b# |2 ^4 D' P% d/ ]11.
* O/ ^( R+ ]# @" w) y( T( k1 f' eadvanced outfitting, pre-outfitting 预舾装
12.
2 z- s: ^# T% O4 d  e, N: Eon-unit outfitting 单元舾装，单元组装
% }7 r* \2 h0 d: |) x13.
on-block outfitting 分段舾装
14.
. n$ A# j" A, g! j9 [on-board outfitting 船上舾装
1 f/ P1 D# D4 Z3 l9 E15.
shafting 轴系
" x% G0 {" a+ m/ }; P2 w" m16.
* J: [3 o' X9 ^+ X7 S( tmachinery installations 机械安装
2 {$ X6 S; n( D17.
electrical installations 电器安装
" ~7 C& X! B, ^' N18.
accommodation fittings 舱室舾装件
19.
- H, e( W8 p8 ^! G8 I  rfurniture and fixture 家具及固定装置
20.
3 _0 i; f* n3 A% }4 S  Aventilation trunks 风管
  _5 ~9 h' h& a1 \( N' k+ B21.
piping 管系
22.
electric wiring 电缆系统
- V5 q  r% A# W23.
: @2 q# J( B1 f3 c5 A! ]thermal insulation 绝热（层）
24.
6 `8 u& U; a3 s: Sacoustic insulation 隔音(层)
" t( Z1 H0 a" ^3 x/ x25.
. N7 t3 |  h# |fire protection 防火
26.
painting 涂装
* l1 y# @8 e6 N
7 U% S% D* K! I9 R3 H

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Notes to the Text

1.
standing structures called ways, constructed of concrete and wooden blocks, spaced about on-third of the vessel’s beam apart, support the ship under construction.
此句为简单句。句子的主要成分是Standing structures support the ship, 三个过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰主语。
2.
6 n3 j/ C& {+ C; [% A: z… ways extend from a position near the bow to past the stern and for a certain distance into the water.
extend from A to B, 从A一直廷伸到B；
% x8 ]1 t5 P$ z+ r  cextend for…, 廷伸……（距离）
$ {$ F0 f) P! U3.
Over these standing ways is built the launching cradle, which consists of sliding ways on which are built poppets, or supporting structures, of timber to provide support for the hull.
全句为复杂句。
主句是Over these standing ways is built the launching cradle. 这是倒装句（参见第六课注5）。
$ J/ {3 _. p: o8 E5 A3 U& Jwhich consists of sliding ways 为非限制性定语从句，修饰主句中的主语 the launching cradle. 该从句又带一个定语从句，即 on which are built poppets 直至句末，修饰sliding ways.
8 S6 D/ v8 Y2 @. V6 Aon which … 从句也是倒装句。主语是popets, or supporting structures 为插入语，进一步说明poppets.
4.
/ I+ A- S. ~0 e6 iIt is essential that the moment of buoyancy be greater than the moment of weight about the after end of the ways, …
0 N, C$ r; |* O. ]7 U$ V# H+ b9 {这是虚拟证据用于it is essential that … 句型中（参见第五课注2）.
- U- W/ H# }5 H& B- k  P6 U* j5.
… along with whatever insulation and deck coverings are necessary.
along with 为介词词组，作“连同”解；whatever 为关系代词，引出介词宾主从句。

jobjoy

好多看不懂啊，看来真的要下点功夫了

CeeCee

第一句：
Apart from certain small craft built on inland waterways, which are launched sideways, the great majority of ships are launched stern first from the building berth.
( l" u) M% A, \2 Z  G' @% _某些在内河航道建造的小型船只横向下水，除此之外，大部分的船只都是从造船台上尾部开始下水。
+ v! _( L7 u% ^- D解释：
# O6 T  \, q  _; j! d2 oApart from  后面大多加名词，除了XX的意思
: q- j7 B0 p$ S# V8 D# ~6 f) r6 _& bcertain在名词前面是“某些、特定”的意思
launch在这里是“下水”的意思
. {. F# o) J/ T5 k5 E3 fmajority是多数、大部分的意思，请记住相关短语“the great majority of”后面加名词，是“大部分XX”的意思。

CeeCee

第二句：
! e* t/ |) D# jStanding structures called ways, constructed of concrete and wooden blocks, spaced about one-third of the vessel’s beam apart, support the ship under construction.
6 a" P; S4 _$ p+ v" B5 H固定结构，又叫做滑道，是由混凝土和木块修建而成，由大约船梁的1/3间隔，支撑着建造中的船只。
8 z* {8 s% N& d, d7 g3 W, u% L解释：
7 j, h- l  U% Mstanding structures called ways 我个人理解是 a standing structure that is also called standing ways的缩写。
$ k( K7 ^: t: ]7 |- H; c  G4 i8 ^( H英语中经常见到这样的缩写：XX（通常是名词）+动词的过去分词形式，通常可以理解为“被怎样怎样（动词的含义）的XX（名词）”
7 G# o& h( Z2 ]0 R' bstanding structures called ways 按这样可以简单理解“被称作滑道的固定结构”
后面的constructed, spaced也是同样的道理。
under construction这个词很常见的，“建造中”的意思~~
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6 J5 Z) k1 |1 u* W也不知道大家的英语水平如何，会不会讲的太简单了~~~guangbo" />

[ 本帖最后由 CeeCee 于 2009-5-4 14:19 编辑 ]

CeeCee

The slope of the standing ways-which are often cambered (slightly curved upward toward the middle or slightly curved downward toward the ends) in the fore and aft direction-ranges from one-half to three-quarters of an inch per foot of length (from 42 to 62 millimeters per meter of length);
滑道的斜坡--在船头方向和船尾方向通常呈拱形（上部稍稍向中部弯曲或下部稍稍向尾部弯曲），每英尺长度大约1/2到3/4英寸（每米大约42到62毫米）。
+ T% X7 z! E/ L$ }& v5 F----------------------------------------------------------------
9 C* ^, C& w' t; T; R/ S7 E2 [这句话里麻烦大家帮我理解一下，in the fore and aft direction中文的意思是“船头和船尾方向”，因为我不知道滑道是做什么，也许等这篇文章翻译完了，会更好理解一点。
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5 J$ _- D; G. e2 O, f" i我的计划是每天翻译一点，把这篇文章翻译出来，希望能帮助大家理解。如果大家有不理解和觉得不对的地方，也请 大声说出来吧！！！~~~ho！！

CeeCee

ways extend from a position near the water. Over these standing ways is built the launching cradle, which consists of sliding ways on which are built poppets, or support for the hull. Between standing ways and launching ways is a layer of lubricant.
2 D+ a# \9 }8 N- C& t6 N滑道一直延伸到靠近水的某个位置。在这些滑道上，建有下水架，含有滑道（滑道上装有提升阀）或船体的支撑结构。在滑道到下水滑道之间有一道润滑层。